Explore the Latest in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Insights - Dandruff

Scalp dandruff is a common condition characterized by flaking of the skin on the scalp. It is often accompanied by itching and can be embarrassing or uncomfortable. 1. Symptoms of Scalp Dandruff - White flakes: Visible flakes of dead skin on the scalp and hair. - Dryness: The scalp may feel dry and tight. - Redness or irritation*: In some cases, the scalp may become inflamed, with persistent itching of the scalp. 2. Causes of Scalp Dandruff* - Seborrheic dermatitis: A common cause, linked to an overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia fur fur, which is the common culprit. - Dry skin: Flakes from dry skin are typically smaller and less oily. - Oily skin (seborrhea): Overactive oil glands can lead to dandruff. - Poor hygiene: Infrequent shampooing can lead to buildup of oil and skin cells. - Sensitivity to hair products: Certain shampoos, conditioners, or styling products can irritate the scalp. - Skin conditions: Psoriasis, eczema, or fungal infections can cause flaking. - Diet and stress: Poor nutrition or high stress levels may worsen dandruff. - Climate: Cold, dry weather can exacerbate dandruff. 3. Types of Dandruff - Dry skin-related dandruff: Small, white flakes caused by dry scalp. - Oily skin-related dandruff: Larger, yellowish flakes caused by excess oil and Malassezia overgrowth. - Fungal dandruff: Caused by fungal infections like *Malassezia. - Psoriasis or eczema-related dandruff: Flakes caused by underlying skin conditions. 4. Diagnosis - Visual examination: A doctor or dermatologist can usually diagnose dandruff by examining the scalp. - Skin scraping with KOH: In rare cases, a sample may be taken to rule out fungal infections or other conditions. 5. Treatment and Management Over-the-Counter Treatments* - Anti-dandruff shampoos: Look for active ingredients like: - Zinc pyrithione: Reduces fungus and bacteria. - Ketoconazole: Antifungal agent. - Selenium sulfide: Slows skin cell turnover and reduces fungus. - Salicylic acid: Exfoliates and removes flakes. - Coal tar: Slows skin cell growth and reduces flaking particularly useful in psoriasis of scalp. - Moisturizing shampoos: For dry skin-related dandruff. Prescription Treatments - Stronger antifungal shampoos or creams: For severe cases. - Topical steroids: To reduce inflammation and itching. Home Remedies - Tea tree oil: Has antifungal and antibacterial properties. - Apple cider vinegar: Helps balance scalp pH and reduce fungus. - Coconut oil: Moisturizes the scalp and reduces dryness. - Aloe vera: Soothes irritation and reduces flaking. Lifestyle Changes - Regular shampooing: Keeps the scalp clean and reduces oil buildup. - Avoid harsh hair products: Use gentle, fragrance-free products. - Balanced diet: Include foods rich in zinc, B vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids. - Stress management: Practice relaxation techniques to reduce stress. 6. Prevention - Maintain scalp hygiene: Wash your hair regularly with a mild shampoo. - Avoid excessive heat styling: Heat can dry out the scalp. - Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated. - *Limit hair products*: Avoid heavy gels, sprays, or waxes that can build up on the scalp. - *Protect your scalp*: Wear a hat in extreme weather conditions. 7. When to See a doctor - If dandruff persists despite using over-the-counter treatments. - If the scalp becomes red, swollen, or painful. - If there are signs of infection (e.g., pus, bleeding, or severe itching). 8. Complications - Hair loss: Scratching or inflammation can damage hair follicles. - Social embarrassment: Visible flakes can affect self-confidence. - Secondary infections: Scratching can lead to bacterial or fungal infections. Scalp dandruff is a manageable condition, good sleep and healthy eating habits are key to success.